『大東亜戦争への道』（展転社）

中村　粲

その１０　第三章　第三節　日露戦争：露国の南進と日英同盟

 

　１８８９年「扶清滅洋」を唱える宗教結社義和団は山東省で排外運動を起こし、キリスト教徒、外国人攻撃を行い、翌年には北京に入り、日本公使館書記生杉本彬、ドイツ公使ケテラーを殺害するに至りました。清国はこれを支持し、列国に対して宣戦布告を行ったため、暴徒の勢いは拡大し、北京公使館区域は義和団に包囲されるに至りました。

　日本は要請により８か国連合軍に加わり、公使館区域を救出する主力の働きをしました。日本軍が、外国軍隊とともに戦ったのはこれが初めてでしたが、その軍規厳正と勇敢なことが列国の均しく称賛する所となりました。義和団事件最終議定書が調印され、これにより各国は天津など１２カ所に駐兵権が認められました。後に盧溝橋で攻撃を受けた日本軍はこの協定に基づいて駐屯していた部隊だったわけです。

　義和団の乱が勃発するや、ロシアは建設中の東支鉄道保護に名を借りてシベリア方面と旅順から大兵を満洲に送り、１９９０年１０月には全満洲を占領しました。ロシア軍は鉄道保護とは無関係の地域も攻撃し、無辜の民の殺害も行いました。中でも悲惨だったのが、黒竜江東岸６４村の農民を銃剣で駆逐した事件でした。約５、６千の民間人を虐殺し、その死体を黒竜江の濁流に流し去ったのです。「黒竜江上の悲劇」と呼ばれる世紀の惨劇でした。

　その後、満州還付協約が結ばれ、３期に分けてロシア軍の撤退が決められました。しかし、第１期の撤退は行われましたが、第２期以降は撤退どころか、兵力を増強する有様で、ロシアはその野望をあからさまにしてきたのでした。

　さらに対韓侵略の意図を露骨に示すようになってきました。鴨緑江河口の竜岩浦を軍事占領し、韓国に竜岩浦租借条約を結ばせました。日本の抗議によって韓国政府は契約無効を声明しましたが、ロシアはこれを無視し、竜岩浦に要塞工事を始めたのです。

　三国干渉後、日本にはロシアと妥協してその侵略を緩和させようという日露協商論と、英国と結んで、実力でロシアの南進を防ごうという日英同盟論が併存しました。結局１９０２年１月３０日、ロンドンで日英同盟が調印されました。長らく同盟を結ばなかった英国が日本と同盟を結んだ一つの理由は、義和団の乱のときに日本軍が示した、軍規厳正と勇敢さでした。この日英同盟によって、日本は大きな支えを得ることになったわけです。

　・その１０，第３章３節　日本語原文： http://hassin.org/01/wp-content/uploads/Road10.pdf

　・　〃　　第３章３節　英訳文：http://www.sdh-fact.com/CL/Road10E.pdf

 

令和５年２月９日

「史実を世界に発信する会」会長　茂木弘道

協力者代表：神奈川大学教授　小山和伸

 

THE ROAD TO THE GREATER EAST ASIAN WAR

Nakamura Akira, Dokkyo University Professor Emeritus

(English Translation: Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact)

Part 10, Chapter 3: The Russo-Japanese War-3

 

   In 1899 the Boxers, a secret religious society, launched a xenophobic campaign in Shangdong province. Toward the end of April 1900, the Boxers entered Beijing, and in June they murdered both Sugiyama Akira, a clerk at the Japanese Legation, and Clemens von Ketteler, a German diplomat. When they surrounded Beijing’s Legation Quarter, Emperor Guangxu issued a declaration of war against the foreign powers.

   Acceding to a strong request from the UK and othe nations, Japan joined the Alliance’s troops, and played the major role in the rescue of the Legation Quarter. The Boxer Rebellion provided the first opportunity for the Japanese military to fight alongside soldiers of foreign nations. Their bravery and strict discipline on that occasion earned them praise from all over the world. According to the Boxer Protocol, each of the foreign signatories was permitted to station troops in 12 locations. Later, on July 7, 1937, Japanese troops stationed near Marco Polo Bridge in accordance with the protocol were attacked by Chinese troops.

   When the Boxer Rebellion spread to Manchuria, the Russians mobilized a great many soldiers from Siberia and Port Arthur, maintaining that they were needed to protect the Chinese Eastern Railway, then under construction. By October 1900, they had occupied all of Manchuria. Russian troops committed unspeakable atrocities in Manchuria. It was during this period that the Russians massacred inhabitants of 64 villages east of the Amur River in one of the bloodiest incidents in the history of the Far East.

   The Agreement Between Russia and China with Regard to Manchuria was signed in April 1902. According to the agreement, the Russians were to withdraw their troops from Manchurian territory they had occupied, in three stages. The Russians did complete the first stage of the withdrawal. But as far as the second stage was concerned, not only did they not withdraw their troops, they also increased troop strength in the area between Fengtian and the Manchuria-Korea border.

   The Russians openly expressed their intention to invade Korea. First they occupied Yongampo, located at the mouth of the Yalu River, saying that they wanted to protect the forests there. Then, in July 1903 they sent troops into Korea and forced the Koreans to sign an agreement giving Russia a concession in Yongampo.         

   After the Triple Intervention, there were arguments within the Japanese government in favor of two courses of action with respect to countering Russian encroachment on the Far East. The first was to mitigate Russian aggression via a compromise. The second was to enter into an agreement with the UK, with which Japan shared the goal of putting a stop to Russia’s southward advances. After some twists and turns, the Anglo-Japanese Alliance was signed on January 30, 1002. The treaty went on to afford significant strength to Japan’s stance.

URL: https://www.sdh-fact.com/book-article/2021/

PDF: http://www.sdh-fact.com/CL/Road10E.pdf

 

MOTEKI Hiromichi, Chairman

Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact

Phone: 81-3-3519-4366

Fax:   81-3-3519-4267

Email: moteki-sdh-fact.com

URL:http//www.sdh-fact.com

Note: Japanese names are rendered surname first in accordance with Japanese custom.